{"collectionById":{"ae4ddc7c-d16f-497a-8ca5-c44ef0ea38f4":{"id":"ae4ddc7c-d16f-497a-8ca5-c44ef0ea38f4","name":"Journal","fieldSchemas":[{"id":"42b6c1cc-d636-4b0b-a42f-139fc5680cd1","name":"Article thumbnail","type":"image"},{"id":"9968938c-1e5c-4555-9913-5bec74638466","name":"Category","type":"plain_text"},{"id":"a4d53820-9a8e-4129-9a19-3aeb454fe540","name":"Time to read","type":"plain_text"},{"id":"f292d9ac-ccc5-4252-a8e4-0d6491a9ba7e","name":"Description (displayed in list view)","type":"plain_text"},{"id":"ad9ef6c8-8d94-40ef-8da8-4f302b9e2eb8","name":"Article content","type":"rich_text"},{"id":"144b2a2b-75a1-44f9-9d7a-bbf54d1dfb6d","name":"Author","type":"plain_text"},{"id":"f1c0a374-a507-4949-8d40-a57b0516ebfd","name":"Article intro","type":"plain_text"},{"id":"88f20cec-9c1c-4729-8801-17487ff95253","name":"Date published","type":"date"},{"id":"93a6d692-64a7-44d7-bce5-fac95153019d","name":"Title","type":"plain_text","role":"primary"},{"id":"b5582fba-71f0-4acb-92f8-ec8c64421de1","name":"Slug","type":"slug","role":"slug"}],"itemById":{"21f8846b-92aa-42fa-9777-421d97313dd1":{"id":"21f8846b-92aa-42fa-9777-421d97313dd1","index":"!","collectionId":"ae4ddc7c-d16f-497a-8ca5-c44ef0ea38f4","fields":[{"id":"0ecf447f-7ff3-4222-a847-21de35672fc0","value":"Insights","itemId":"21f8846b-92aa-42fa-9777-421d97313dd1","fieldSchemaId":"9968938c-1e5c-4555-9913-5bec74638466"},{"id":"a412ce66-44a8-47fd-95fa-d6470bdddcd0","value":"{\"root\":{\"children\":[{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":1,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"The hidden gap in everyday clinical practice\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"heading\",\"version\":1,\"tag\":\"h3\"},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"Health literacy challenges are often invisible. Patients may appear to understand information, while in reality they feel uncertain or overwhelmed. Many hesitate to ask questions or clarify misunderstandings. At the same time, clinicians may unintentionally overestimate patient comprehension, especially under time pressure³. The result is a silent gap in communication that affects trust, engagement, and outcomes. Effective communication is therefore not optional; it is a clinical necessity.\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"version\":1,\"textFormat\":0,\"textStyle\":\"\"},{\"children\":[],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"version\":1,\"textFormat\":0,\"textStyle\":\"\"},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":1,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"What works: evidence-based communication strategies\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"heading\",\"version\":1,\"tag\":\"h3\"},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"A growing body of research highlights practical strategies that can significantly improve communication with patients with limited health literacy:\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"version\":1,\"textFormat\":0,\"textStyle\":\"\"},{\"children\":[{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":1,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"Plain language\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1},{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\" – improves comprehension and recall\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"listitem\",\"version\":1,\"value\":1},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":1,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"Teach-back\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1},{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\" – enhances understanding and engagement³\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"listitem\",\"version\":1,\"value\":2},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":1,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"Visual support\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1},{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\" – improves processing of complex information⁴\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"listitem\",\"version\":1,\"value\":3},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":1,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"Structured communication\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1},{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\" – reduces cognitive overload\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"listitem\",\"version\":1,\"value\":4}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"list\",\"version\":1,\"listType\":\"bullet\",\"start\":1,\"tag\":\"ul\"},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"Health literacy focused communication training has been shown to improve clinician skills and patient outcomes, although implementation remains inconsistent⁵.\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"version\":1,\"textFormat\":0,\"textStyle\":\"\"},{\"children\":[],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"heading\",\"version\":1,\"tag\":\"h3\"},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":1,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"A changing landscape: new barriers and opportunities\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"heading\",\"version\":1,\"tag\":\"h3\"},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"Modern healthcare systems are increasingly digital and information dense. While this creates opportunities, it also introduces new challenges. Patients may struggle to interpret written summaries, navigate systems, or evaluate complex information. Improving communication, especially through simplified and multimodal approaches, enhances patient engagement and activation⁶.\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"version\":1,\"textFormat\":0,\"textStyle\":\"\"},{\"children\":[],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"version\":1,\"textFormat\":0,\"textStyle\":\"\"},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"At the same time, health literacy is increasingly recognized as a system responsibility. Healthcare organizations are expected to adapt communication to patient needs to improve accessibility and equity⁷.\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"version\":1,\"textFormat\":0,\"textStyle\":\"\"},{\"children\":[],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"version\":1,\"textFormat\":0,\"textStyle\":\"\"},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":1,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"Bridging the gap: towards supported communication\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"heading\",\"version\":1,\"tag\":\"h3\"},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"Improving communication requires a shift in mindset. Instead of assuming patients understand, healthcare systems can adopt a universal precautions approach, designing communication to support all patients by default⁸.\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"version\":1,\"textFormat\":0,\"textStyle\":\"\"},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\" \",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":null,\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"version\":1,\"textFormat\":0,\"textStyle\":\"\"},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"In practice, this means:\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"version\":1,\"textFormat\":0,\"textStyle\":\"\"},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"·         simplifying language as a standard\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"version\":1,\"textFormat\":0,\"textStyle\":\"\"},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"·         integrating visual explanations\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"version\":1,\"textFormat\":0,\"textStyle\":\"\"},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"·         supporting clinicians during real-time communication\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"version\":1,\"textFormat\":0,\"textStyle\":\"\"},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"·         improving accessibility of information\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"version\":1,\"textFormat\":0,\"textStyle\":\"\"},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"·          \",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":null,\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"version\":1,\"textFormat\":0,\"textStyle\":\"\"},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"This transforms communication from an individual effort into a system-level function.\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"version\":1,\"textFormat\":0,\"textStyle\":\"\"},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\" \",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":null,\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"version\":1,\"textFormat\":0,\"textStyle\":\"\"},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":1,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"From insight to innovation\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"heading\",\"version\":1,\"tag\":\"h3\"},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"Building on these principles, new approaches are emerging to structurally support communication in clinical care. Digital tools can assist healthcare professionals by translating medical terminology into clear language, providing visual explanations, and adapting information to individual patient needs. Recent research highlights the growing role of digital health and AI in supporting patient-centered communication and engagement⁹ ¹⁰. Such approaches are particularly relevant for patients with limited health literacy, language barriers, or sensory impairments. By improving understanding, they can strengthen shared decision-making and contribute to more equitable healthcare delivery.\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"version\":1,\"textFormat\":0,\"textStyle\":\"\"},{\"children\":[],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"version\":1,\"textFormat\":0,\"textStyle\":\"\"},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":1,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"Conclusion\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"heading\",\"version\":1,\"tag\":\"h3\"},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"Limited health literacy remains a major and often underrecognized challenge in healthcare.\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"version\":1,\"textFormat\":0,\"textStyle\":\"\"},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"Addressing this requires both strong communication skills and structural support. Combining evidence-based strategies with innovative solutions offers a promising path forward.\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"version\":1,\"textFormat\":0,\"textStyle\":\"\"},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"Bridging the gap is not only about simplifying language, but also about redesigning healthcare so that understanding becomes the standard, not the exception.\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"version\":1,\"textFormat\":0,\"textStyle\":\"\"},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\" \",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":null,\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"version\":1,\"textFormat\":0,\"textStyle\":\"\"},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":1,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"References\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"version\":1,\"textFormat\":1,\"textStyle\":\"\"},{\"children\":[{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"Berkman ND, Sheridan SL, Donahue KE, Halpern DJ, Crotty K. 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The role of pictures in improving health communication. \",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1},{\"detail\":0,\"format\":2,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"Patient Educ Couns\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1},{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\". 2006;61(2):173–190.\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"listitem\",\"version\":1,\"value\":4},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"O’Brien LM, et al. Health literacy-focused communication training for healthcare providers: a scoping review. \",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1},{\"detail\":0,\"format\":2,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"Geriatr Nurs\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1},{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\". 2025.\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"listitem\",\"version\":1,\"value\":5},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"Batterham RW, Hawkins M, Collins PA, Buchbinder R, Osborne RH. Health literacy: applying current concepts to improve health services and reduce health inequalities. \",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1},{\"detail\":0,\"format\":2,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"Public Health\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1},{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\". 2016;132:3–12.\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"listitem\",\"version\":1,\"value\":6},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"World Health Organization. Health literacy development for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases. Geneva: WHO; 2021.\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"listitem\",\"version\":1,\"value\":7},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Health Literacy Universal Precautions Toolkit. 2nd ed. Rockville (MD): AHRQ; 2015.\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"listitem\",\"version\":1,\"value\":8},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"Car J, Sheikh A, Wicks P, Williams MS. Beyond the hype of AI in healthcare: a call for evidence-based implementation. \",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1},{\"detail\":0,\"format\":2,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"Lancet Digit Health\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1},{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\". 2020;2(10):e500–e501.\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"listitem\",\"version\":1,\"value\":9},{\"children\":[{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"Benda NC, Meadors ML, Hettinger AZ, Ratwani RM. Machine learning for healthcare communication: opportunities and challenges. \",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1},{\"detail\":0,\"format\":2,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\"NPJ Digit Med\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1},{\"detail\":0,\"format\":0,\"mode\":\"normal\",\"style\":\"\",\"text\":\". 2021;4:134.\",\"type\":\"text\",\"version\":1}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"listitem\",\"version\":1,\"value\":10}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"list\",\"version\":1,\"listType\":\"number\",\"start\":1,\"tag\":\"ol\"},{\"children\":[],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"version\":1,\"textFormat\":0,\"textStyle\":\"\"}],\"direction\":\"ltr\",\"format\":\"\",\"indent\":0,\"type\":\"root\",\"version\":1}}","itemId":"21f8846b-92aa-42fa-9777-421d97313dd1","fieldSchemaId":"ad9ef6c8-8d94-40ef-8da8-4f302b9e2eb8"},{"id":"200be841-b798-4b50-a8cb-df34013b06ce","value":"Health literacy plays a key role in how people engage with their care, but it is often overlooked. 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